Ideologies of language and print media in Ghana

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Consumption in Rural Bangladesh : Households, Lifestyles, and Identities

Bangladesh, often better known to the outside world as a country of natural calamities, is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. Despite rapid urbanization, more than 75% of the people still live in rural areas. The density of the rural population is also one of the highest in the world. Being a poor and low-income country, its main challenge is to eradicate poverty through increasing equitable income. Since its independence in 1971, Bangladesh has experienced many ups and downs, but over the past three decades, its gross domestic product (GDP) has grown at an impressive rate. Consequently, the country s economy is developing and the country has outperformed many low-income countries in terms of several social indicators. Bangladesh has achieved the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) of eliminating gender disparity in primary and secondary school enrollment. A sharp decline in child and infant mortality rates, increased per capita income, and improved food security have placed Bangladesh on the track to achieving in the near future the status of a middle-income country. All these developments have influenced the consumption pattern of the country. This study explores the consumption scenario of rural Bangladesh, its changing consumption patterns, the relationship between technology and consumption in rural Bangladesh, cultural consumption in rural Bangladesh, and the myriad reasons why consumers nevertheless feel compelled to consume chemically treated foods. Data were collected in two phases in the summers of 2006 and 2008. In 2006, the empirical data were collected from the following three sources: interviews with consumers, producers/sellers, and doctors and pharmacists; observations of sellers/producers; and reviews of articles published in the national English and Bengali (the national language of Bangladesh) daily newspapers. A total of 110 consumers, 25 sellers/producers, 7 doctors, and 7 pharmacists were interviewed and observed. In 2008, data were collected through semi-structured in-depth qualitative interviews, ethnography, and unstructured conversations substantiated by secondary sources and photographs; the total number of persons interviewed was 22. -- Data were also collected on the consumption of food, clothing, housing, education, medical facilities, marriage and dowry, the division of labor, household decision making, different festivals such as Eid (for Muslims), the Bengali New Year, and Durga puja (for Hindus), and leisure. Qualitative methods were applied to the data analysis and were supported by secondary quantitative data. The findings of this study suggest that the consumption patterns of rural Bangladeshis are changing over time along with economic and social development, and that technology has rendered aspects of daily life more convenient. This study identified the perceptions and experiences of rural people regarding technologies in use and explored how culture is associated with consumption. This study identified the reasons behind the use of hazardous chemicals (e.g. calcium carbide, sodium cyclamate, cyanide and formalin, etc.) in foods as well as the extent to which food producers/sellers used such chemicals. In addition, this study assessed consumer perceptions of and attitudes toward these contaminated food items and explored how adulterated foods and food stuffs affect consumer health. This study also showed that consumers were aware that various foods and food stuffs contained hazardous chemicals, and that these adulterated foods and food stuffs were harmful to their health.

Are there news gaps in rural/regional Australia? Researching media plurality beyond Finkelstein

Rural/regional news is emerging as a vital area of media policy and research throughout the world as industry bodies, governments and academics grapple with debates concerning the future of news in a complex digital world. However, there has been little examination of media plurality at the rural/regional level, or research into the sustainability of the sector in Australia. Such concerns go to questions of what roles industry and government might play in ensuring its future. The Finkelstein report in 2012 noted that many rural/regional newspapers in Australia had limited resources and consequently low capacity for in-depth coverage of local issues. In the meantime, the funding model of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (which services rural/regional areas as part of its charter) has come under intense scrutiny by the federal Liberal-National Party coalition government. Signs from abroad – especially from the United Kingdom – are troubling. Several independent inquiries have called for policy initiatives to address what British scholars describe as the growing “democratic deficit” created by the closure of hundreds of local UK newspapers since 2004. This paper canvasses current and emerging media policy settings in the UK, the United States and Australia before posing some broader questions on the future of rural/regional news in Australia.

Where memory failed, journalism prevailed: Anzac Day in three Victorian country newspapers 1916-1925

This article explores how three Victorian country newspapers shaped and reinforced the collective memory of Anzac Day in its first decade, from 1916 to 1925. It draws on a sample of 300 articles, and looks to scholarship on journalism and memory to generate understandings of these newspapers' important role as co-creators and protectors of Anzac Day commemoration. The sample provides evidence that Anzac Day coverage was thematically consistent from the start. The analysis highlights journalists' roles as patriotic cheerleaders for a new, national identity; as collaborators with other social institutions in establishing the commemoration tradition; and as boundary riders, who patrolled less than acceptable Anzac Day behaviour. This role is most striking when communities failed to mark Anzac Day in the early days, as this article reveals.

Juan Costa: un pionero del cooperativismo rural argentino, 1916-1927

Hasta hace algunos años la biografía histórica no interesaba a los historiadores, quienes habían perdido el interés por el estudio centrado en el individuo y su contexto y se sentían atraídos por el todo social. Los enfoques actuales de la historia, que procuran recobrar el accionar de los individuos dentro de los procesos sociales rescatando los mecanismos internos en que tienen lugar, han abierto en cambio nuevas y renovadas perspectivas para esta especialidad. El artículo se inscribe en esta línea renovada de la biografía histórica y se centra en la figura de Juan Costa, un pionero del cooperativismo rural argentino que tuvo destacada actuación en el ámbito de la provincia de Córdoba. El objetivo central del trabajo es recuperar la memoria y el discurso de un actor esencial del mundo rural que no ha sido debidamente considerado, ni menos aún estudiado en forma sistemática. Creemos que esta investigación puede llenar un vacío historiográfico y ser una herramienta útil al conocimiento histórico. Las fuentes esenciales para este análisis han sido diarios provinciales y nacionales, periódicos del movimiento cooperativo, libros de actas de las instituciones donde actuó el protagonista, y algunas entrevistas que pudimos realizar.

Juan Costa: un pionero del cooperativismo rural argentino, 1916-1927

Hasta hace algunos años la biografía histórica no interesaba a los historiadores, quienes habían perdido el interés por el estudio centrado en el individuo y su contexto y se sentían atraídos por el todo social. Los enfoques actuales de la historia, que procuran recobrar el accionar de los individuos dentro de los procesos sociales rescatando los mecanismos internos en que tienen lugar, han abierto en cambio nuevas y renovadas perspectivas para esta especialidad. El artículo se inscribe en esta línea renovada de la biografía histórica y se centra en la figura de Juan Costa, un pionero del cooperativismo rural argentino que tuvo destacada actuación en el ámbito de la provincia de Córdoba. El objetivo central del trabajo es recuperar la memoria y el discurso de un actor esencial del mundo rural que no ha sido debidamente considerado, ni menos aún estudiado en forma sistemática. Creemos que esta investigación puede llenar un vacío historiográfico y ser una herramienta útil al conocimiento histórico. Las fuentes esenciales para este análisis han sido diarios provinciales y nacionales, periódicos del movimiento cooperativo, libros de actas de las instituciones donde actuó el protagonista, y algunas entrevistas que pudimos realizar.

Juan Costa: un pionero del cooperativismo rural argentino, 1916-1927

Hasta hace algunos años la biografía histórica no interesaba a los historiadores, quienes habían perdido el interés por el estudio centrado en el individuo y su contexto y se sentían atraídos por el todo social. Los enfoques actuales de la historia, que procuran recobrar el accionar de los individuos dentro de los procesos sociales rescatando los mecanismos internos en que tienen lugar, han abierto en cambio nuevas y renovadas perspectivas para esta especialidad. El artículo se inscribe en esta línea renovada de la biografía histórica y se centra en la figura de Juan Costa, un pionero del cooperativismo rural argentino que tuvo destacada actuación en el ámbito de la provincia de Córdoba. El objetivo central del trabajo es recuperar la memoria y el discurso de un actor esencial del mundo rural que no ha sido debidamente considerado, ni menos aún estudiado en forma sistemática. Creemos que esta investigación puede llenar un vacío historiográfico y ser una herramienta útil al conocimiento histórico. Las fuentes esenciales para este análisis han sido diarios provinciales y nacionales, periódicos del movimiento cooperativo, libros de actas de las instituciones donde actuó el protagonista, y algunas entrevistas que pudimos realizar.

The country weekly, a manual for the rural journalist and for students of the country field,

Mode of access: Internet.

Medical-legal partnerships: the role of mental health providers and legal authorities in the development of a coordinated approach to supporting mental health clients' legal needs in regional and rural settings

INTRODUCTION: Medical-legal partnerships (MLP) are a model in which medical and legal practitioners are co-located and work together to support the health and wellbeing of individuals by identifying and resolving legal issues that impact patients' health and wellbeing. The aim of this article is to analyse the benefits of this model, which has proliferated in the USA, and its applicability in the context of rural and remote Australia.

METHODS: This review was undertaken with three research questions in mind: What is an MLP? Is service provision for individuals with mental health concerns being adequately addressed by current service models particularly in the rural context? Are MLPs a service delivery channel that would benefit individuals experiencing mental health issues?

RESULTS: The combined searches from all EBSCO Host databases resulted in 462 citations. This search aggregated academic journals, newspapers, book reviews, magazines and trade publications. After several reviews 38 papers were selected for the final review based on their relevance to this review question: How do MLPs support mental health providers and legal service providers in the development of a coordinated approach to supporting mental health clients' legal needs in regional and rural Australia?

CONCLUSIONS: There is considerable merit in pursuing the development of MLPs in rural and remote Australia particularly as individuals living in rural and remote areas have far fewer opportunities to access support services than those people living in regional and metropolitan locations. MLPS are important channels of service delivery to assist in early invention of legal problems that can exacerbate mental health problems.